As with most things I do research on, this one turned out to be more complicated than I thought it would.

Gary Larson is the cartoonist behind the very successful single panel comic The Far Side. The panel was syndicated in newspapers from 1980 to 1995, and some newer material appeared on the official website between 2020 and 2023. The humor is often described as "off the wall" and "surreal," though many times it can be incredibly relatable. Many of the jokes involve animals, and Larson was especially fond of using insects and prehistoric animals to tell his jokes. He also often used cavemen along with the prehistoric animals, which is of course historically inaccurate, but when the joke is funny enough it can be forgiven. That said, despite the historical inaccuracy, Larson has been praised by biologists for his attention to detail when it came to drawing the animals, especially the insects, and has gained a following among paleontologists from his many depictions of dinosaurs. In fact, he has amassed quite a following over the years in the scientific community at large, despite never being a part of it himself.

However, this is not to say that he was recognized by scientists immediately, or is enjoyed by all scientists equally, as will be shown.

On May 27, 1982, Larson published a comic depicting a group of cavemen attentively watching a presentation given by another caveman on the anatomy of the Stegosaurus. The caveman in the front points to an image of the Stegosaurus and says, "Now, this end is called the thagomizer... after the late Thag Simmons," indicating the spikes on the end of the tail. This also implies that said Thag had an unfortunate encounter with the tail spikes of the Stegosaurus, and the cavemen had named them in his honor. For many years this was just a joke, probably enjoyed by a majority of readers, and a contingent of paleontologists, but still simply a joke and nothing more. It would remain so for a little over 10 years, until a certain paleontologist decided to take the joke a bit further.

In September of 1993, at the Fifty-Third annual meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Kenneth Carpenter gave a presentation on a stegosaurus skeleton that had, at that time, been recently discovered. Up to that point, there were theories about what the tail spikes would have been used for, among them the idea that they were used for defense against predators, but there was no fossil evidence to back any of them up. At this meeting, however, Carpenter suggested that the particular stegosaurus skeleton on display showed evidence that the tail spikes had been used as a defensive weapon against a predator, as one of the spikes had been broken off. Carpenter also remembered the Far Side cartoon, which suggested a stegosaurus had used its tail spikes as a weapon against Thag, so he dubbed them "thagomizer" in honor of Larson. While this was not conclusive evidence of the nature of the usage of the thagomizer, later discoveries, including that of an allosaurus skeleton with a thagomizer spike embedded in it, led much more credence to this idea.

Following Carpenter's lead, other paleontologists began using the term in professional settings, and over the years it has been used in more and more places. Though it never became an official term for the Stegosaurus tail spikes, it is currently in use by the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History in Washington, DC, the Dinosaur National Monument in Colorado, and even in the exhaustive dinosaur reference book "The Complete Dinosaur."

That said, not everyone in the paleontology community embraced this term quite as readily. In fact, there are some who are actively against it.

A perusal of the Internet will reveal that many people mistakenly believe that "thagomizer" is the official term for the stegosaurus tail spikes, which it unfortunately is not. There are those, mostly stegosaurus researchers, who take great pleasure in pointing out that not only is this not true, but that such an "official term" doesn't exist. Dr. David Hone said as much in a reply to a Reddit post about the origin of the word, and went on to say that "most paleontologists don't use it," though when presented with contrary evidence he did go on to admit that many do. Dr. Susannah Maidment, in a profile of her on the website for Utah's Natural History Museum, says that she doesn't use the term because "paleontology already has more than enough jargon," and that simply using the phrase "tail spikes" will do. In fact, in a reply to a Twitter thread about the origin of the word, Dr. Maidment stated that not only is it not a word used by paleontologists, but "No self-respecting palaeontologist has ever used the word." Later tweets in the thread suggest that Dr. Maidment may also have asked those who publish papers on stegosaurs to remove the word from them before publishing. It seems she had also stated that there were no peer-reviewed published papers that had used the word, but it's unclear whether no one had, or that no one had been allowed to.

Whatever the case, it's clearly a very popular word among non-professional dinosaur enthusiasts, as well as those of a more professional persuasion. So, while Larson can't be credited with coining an official term, coining a popular colloquialism is still notable. Personally, I'm a fan, and I think fun words like thagomizer should be more common in science. If someone has an issue with "thagomizer," I would suggest looking up the origin of the word "quark."

That's not the only way that the scientific community has shown their appreciation for Gary Larson, either. Biologist Dale Clayton, when he discovered a new species of owl louse, named it Strigiphilus garylarsoni, "in appreciation of the unique light [Larson] has shed on the workings of nature." Also, in 1991, Kurt Johnson named a species of butterfly after Larson, Serratoterga larsoni, though the species was later merged with another one and the genus name was changed. This does mean that the louse is the only one that stuck, but of having a louse named after him, Larson has said, "I considered this an extreme honor. Besides, I knew no one was going to write and ask to name a new species of swan after me. You have to grab these opportunities when they come along."

For more information:

Watch Out For That Thagomizer! at Smithsonian Magazine

Gary Larson profile at Salon.com

Thagomizer in The Complete Dinosaur at Google Books

David Hone refuting the official-ness of the word on Reddit

Dr. Susannah Maidment profile at Natural History Museum of Utah

Susannah Maidment replies to a tweet about the Thagomizer on Twitter

...and a further Maidment reply

Richard Felton Outcault is most notable for creating the first widely popular comic strip character, The Yellow Kid, for the New York World in 1895. Only slightly less notable is the fact that he also created the first widely licensed comic strip character, Buster Brown, for the New York Herald in 1902. Interestingly, the latter seems to have had a much larger effect on American culture than the former, due to the popularity of one particular license.

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Up until now, when I've written about words or phrases that end up being popularized through comic strips, the stories behind them have been fairly simple. They generally haven't involved trademark infringement, FBI and IRS investigations, (alleged) staged suicide attempts, and (alleged) false imprisonment, but this one (allegedly) involves all of those, and more.

And all because of peanut butter.

Researching and writing about this has been an odd experience, partially because I've never really thought peanut butter could have such an effect on someone's life, but mostly because Percy Crosby's story is incredibly tragic. There are certain facts that are in dispute, but where he ended up and how it affected his family are not, and it's awful to think about. At times I found myself laughing due to the absurdity of all of this stemming from a peanut butter dispute, but I had to continually remind myself of the ultimate result, which is not at all funny.

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Milquetoast was a word that I first encountered in a comic strip, though not the one this blog post is focused on. In Berkeley Breathed's strip Bloom County, and its sequel strip Outland, there was a character named Milquetoast, who was apparently a cockroach, though he didn't look much like one. I remember being ignorant of how to pronounce his name, though I didn't really give it much thought as I figured it was just a weird name Breathed had come up with.

It was certainly a strange joke word created by a cartoonist, but not one coined by Breathed.

The word first appeared in 1924, in a comic strip called The Timid Soul by H.T. Webster. Webster had been doing single panel gag strips for the New York Tribune since 1912. His panels appeared under a number of different recurring titles, which would change depending on the subject matter of the gag, but none of them had any recurring characters. In 1924, he moved to the New York World, and while he did continue his other panels under their various other titles, he began a new one, The Timid Soul, and with it created a character by the name of Caspar Milquetoast. Caspar was, as the title of the strip suggests, the most meek and timid man you would ever meet, and his meekness would always land him in strange predicaments. Many of them involve him strictly following signs, such as when he decides to buy a new hat rather than retrieve one that has blown off his head and landed next to a "Keep Off The Grass" sign, or when he goes to the river for a dip and lights a cigar, but drops it when a discarded "No Smoking" sign floats by, or when he is completely immobilized by a "Watch This Space" sign. Many others involve him doing his best to avoid confrontations, whether it be not talking to someone about how he thinks the Dodgers are going to do this year, or not contradicting his neighbor when the neighbor holds him responsible for a hurricane blowing a tree onto his fence, or stopping by the side of the road to change his tie so he wouldn't have to tell his wife he hates the one she got him for Christmas.

Webster's The Timid Soul strips became his most popular, and Caspar Milquetoast literally became a household name. Comparisons of various people to Caspar in the wider media began quite early, but the reference was always to the comic strip character. Someone might be called "a Caspar Milquetoast," or "a Mr. Milquetoast," or even "a Milquetoast," but it was always a proper noun. Sometime around the early to mid-1930s it dropped the capital "M," and also began its life as an adjective, which is the form in which it's most likely to be found these days. In 1988 Berkeley Breathed created a cockroach character with that name, which I now realize was meant to be ironic.

The word itself is confusing to many people due to their ignorance of its origins. Part of it looks vaguely French, so one might assume it came from French or Latin somehow, though that wouldn't explain the "toast" at the end, which is very English looking. It wouldn't occur to most people that a funny looking word with no discernible linguistic origin may have been invented for a comic strip. The word does have a clear etymology outside of just being a comic strip character's name, however: Webster was obviously referencing "milk toast," a dish reserved for those with weak stomachs, and possibly thinking of the term "milksop," which references a similar dish, and has been used for a few centuries to refer to weak, timid men. In fact, it's possible he may have gotten the two dishes confused when concocting his comic character, though that's just speculation on my part.

For more information:

Hairy Green Eyeball has a nice collection of The Timid Soul strips

WordOrigins.org for more on the origin of the word

Atlas Obscura for more on the character and its creator

Neglected Books for more on H.T. Webster

Most times I've done research for posts about words that originated in comic strips, I've been able to find fairly consistent information about where and when they first appeared. The information I was able to find may not have been very plentiful, but at least it told a consistent story. Not so with "worry wart." It seems pretty clear that the phrase originated in a comic strip, but no one seems to agree on when. I think I've found the correct answer, though.

What all the sources I found do agree on is that there was a character called "The Worry Wart" in the comic strip Out Our Way, created by J.R. Williams. Out Our Way was what you might call a nostalgia comic. It centered around people who appear to live in the late 19th century in rural surroundings. Most of the characters are unnamed, though many of them reappear from time to time. The jokes generally revolve around relatable situations that the reader would probably remember from their childhood, or possibly remember hearing about from their grandparents when they were young adults in the old days. The strip started in 1922 and had a fairly long run, ending in 1957.

All those sources also agree that the way the term was used in the strip wasn't exactly the same way we usually think of it. Normally when we use the phrase, we mean someone who worries incessantly, possibly to the point of growing warts. In the comic strip, The Worry Wart was a small boy who, due to his actions, caused endless amounts of worry to his family, and especially his mother. While the meaning wasn't the same, it's still fair to say that the comic strip is the origin of the phrase, as the term had never been used to refer to a person before, if it had ever been used at all. Etymologists are free to quibble, but it seems pretty clear cut to me.

The issue of when the term first appeared seems to be a bit thornier, and there is a lot of misinformation about it on the Internet, even from otherwise reputable sources. Now, if we all agree that the origin of the phrase is the comic strip, then it stands to reason that all we would need to do is find which strip the term first appeared in, and we have our answer. This does pose a problem for some, however, as they may not have access to an archive of the strip, and they may not feel inclined to look through every single one to find it. After all, it was a daily comic strip that ran for 35 years. That's a lot of strips. This means that most places you look are most likely relying on information from other sources that they trust to have the right information. Unfortunately, most of them do not.

Many places put the first appearance of the phrase in 1956, most likely owing to the fact that this is what the Oxford English Dictionary says. This is odd, given that Out Our Way only ended a year after that and had been running for quite a while by that point. One would think that they must be using a different source for the origin of the phrase, but they don't. They still credit Out Our Way, and some places even call it "a 50's comic strip" (which is also odd, as by that point its popularity was waning). The mistake seems to come from someone confusing the publication date of the comic strip with the publication date of a reprint comic book. Dell Comics did publish a reprint comic in 1956 called "Out Our Way With The Worry Wart," which was part of a series of comic books that reprinted various newspaper strips. I could only find one Out Our Way issue, and I doubt a popular phrase would have spawned from a single issue of a comic book. Incidentally, there is another comic book with a character by that name who appeared over a decade earlier. All-Flash, issue 15, from 1944, included a character named Ebenezer Jones. Jones suffered from crippling anxiety, which was discovered to be caused by some kind of virus. An evil scientist decided to make it contagious in order to infect others with the anxiety (that's Golden Age superhero comics for you), earning Jones the nickname "Worry Wart." Even if Out Our Way wasn't the origin of the phrase, that issue of All-Flash confirms that the term was in use long before 1956.

Other places I searched are much more reasonable. Most of them are fairly vague, stating that the term first appeared sometime in the 1930s. Merriam-Webster is more specific, putting the first appearance in 1936, though it does contain the caveat that this was the first time it was used as it's currently defined in said dictionary, not necessarily how it was used when the term first appeared. That's fair, though as I said, it's unlikely that it would be used at all if it hadn't been popularized as a phrase earlier than that.

Finally, we have sources that appear to actually correctly date the first appearance of the phrase, which I will link below. I know that these are correct, because although others may not have enough patience or access to resources to find this out, I certainly do. I searched through every Out Our Way strip, beginning in 1936, and worked backward. The earliest one I could find is from March 6, 1929 (pictured above). There are strips from earlier years that feature a similar character, but he's never called The Worry Wart in those strips. To be honest, because of that fact, I stopped searching in around the middle of 1927. It's possible that the term was used earlier, but unlikely.

For more (good) information take a look here:

Columbia Journalism Review

World Wide Words